The National Records of Scotland said the change is "mainly driven by migration falling from unusually high levels".
Poor housing, obesity and the effects of deprivation have been suggested as underlying cause.
New figures show people in Scotland are spending a greater proportion of their life in poor health than previously.
We ask Wokingham's older residents the secret to living a long life.
The average life expectancy for 2022 to 2024 was 77.12 years for men and 81.06 years for women, according to the National Records of Scotland.
The research showed women's life expectancy remained the same, Public Health Jersey said.
A councillor points out that people in Oakham live 10 years longer than those in Corby.
International migration has fuelled a record high in the number of people living in Scotland, new figures reveal.
Report finds life expectancy in Gateshead and County Durham is lower than the national average.
