Ta yaya ake kare Makka da sauran wurare masu tsarki a Saudiyya?

Kawancen sojojin da ke goyon bayan gwamnatin Yemen da Ƙasashen duniya suka amince da ita ya ce rundunar kariyar sararin samaniyar Saudiyya ta lalata wani jirgi marar matuki da 'yan Houthi suka harba kafin ya shiga sararin samaniyar birnin Makka.

Ko da yake 'yan Houthi na Yemen sun musanta wannan ikirari, tun bayan wallafa waɗannan rahotanni an yi muhawara mai yawa kan ƙwarewa da ingancin kariyar da Saudiyya ke da ita, da kuma tsarin kariyar sararin samaniyar da Riyadh ke amfani da shi wajen tsare birnin Makka da sauran birane daga barazanar hare-hare.

Saudiyya ba ta bayyana irin tsarin kariyar da ta yi amfani da shi wajen harbo wannan jirgi marar matuki da ake zargin an harba mata ba, amma ma'aikatar tsaron ƙasar ta fitar da wani bidiyo a watan Mayun 2026 wanda ya nuna na'urorin harba makamai masu linzami da dama, tsarin na'urar radar, da manyan bindigogin kariya daga jiragen sama.

Ma'aikatar Tsaron Saudi Arabia ta sanar cewa rundunar kariyar sararin samaniya da ke amfani da waɗannan makamai ce ke da alhakin "kare wurare masu tsarki da kuma hana barazanar hare-haren sama a kan su."

BBC Urdu ta tattauna da Hamad Walid, mai bincike kan harkokin soji da makamai, domin gano irin makaman da Saudi Arabia ke amfani da su wajen kare sararin samaniyarta, musamman don kare wurare masu tsarki na Musulunci.

Waɗanne tsarin kariyar sararin samaniya Saudiyya take da su?

Hammad Walid, mai bincike a 'Strategic Vision Institute' (cibiyar da ta ƙware kan binciken makamai), ya shaida wa BBC Urdu cewa wani bidiyo da Saudiyya ta fitar a watan Mayun wannan shekara ya nuna tsarin Patriot, na'urorin harba makamai masu linzami da kuma radars da aka ƙera a Amurka.

A cewarsa, bisa ga wata sanarwa a hukumance daga Saudiyya, an girke tsarin Patriot a waɗannan birane domin kare wurare masu tsarki kamar Makka da Madina.

Hammad Walid ya kuma ƙara da cewa bindigar kariya daga jiragen sama da aka gani a bidiyon ita ce tsarin "Oerlikon 35mm", wanda wani kamfani daga Switzerland ke ƙerawa.

Bugu da ƙari, Saudiyya ta saya tsarin THAAD daga Amurka a watan Mayun 2025 domin ƙarfafa kariyar sararin samaniyarta.

Bisa ga bayanan kamfanin dillancin labarai na gwamnatin Saudiyya, an gudanar da bikin kaddamar da wannan tsarin kariya a Cibiyar Rundunar Kariyar Sararin Samaniya da ke Jeddah.

Menene tsarin makami mai linzami na Patriot?

A cewar Hammad Walid, mai bincike a cibiyar SVI, Saudiyya na amfani da tsarin makami mai linzami na Patriot wajen harbo jirage marasa matuki da jiragen sama na jigilar yau da kullum da makamai masu linzami masu shawagi da kuma makamai masu linzami masu cin dogon zango.

Kamfanin Amurka Lockheed Martin ne ya ƙera wannan tsarin makami mai linzami da kariyar sararin samaniya.

Bisa ga Lockheed Martin, Saudiyya tana kuma da tsarin kariya na Patriot Advanced Capability 3 (PAC-3), wanda ke iya harbo makamai masu linzami masu bin dogon zango, makamai masu linzami masu shawagi da jiragen yaƙi.

An san wannan tsarin da radar mai ci gaba wanda ke iya bibiyar da kuma lalata hare-hare masu yawa lokaci guda.

Baya ga kasancewa a shirye cikin ɗan lokaci kaɗan, wannan tsarin makami mai linzami yana da damar jure katsalandan na na'urorin lantarki.

Sai dai Hammad Walid ya ce makaman da ake amfani da su a tsarin PAC-2 da PAC-3 suna kashe miliyoyin daloli.

Saboda haka Saudiyya tana kuma amfani da bindigogin kariya daga jiragen sama na Oerlikon, tsarin da shi ma ake iya gani a bidiyon Ma'aikatar Tsaron Saudiyya.

A cewar mai binciken, harsasan 35mm da ake amfani da su a waɗannan bindigogin kariya daga jiragen sama sun fi araha idan aka kwatanta da makamai masu linzami na tsarin Patriot.

"Wannan yana nufin cewa ana amfani da tsarin kariya na Patriot ne wajen tunkarar manyan barazana, kamar makamai masu linzami ko manyan jirage marasa matuki, yayin da ake amfani da bindigogin kariya daga jiragen sama na Oerlikon (35mm) wajen harbo ƙananan jirage marasa matuki."

Hammad Walid ya kuma ce ana amfani da bindigogin kariya daga jiragen sama na Oerlikon (35mm) a Pakistan, kuma an yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata kan jirage marasa matuki na Indiya a watan Mayun bara.

Kalubalen tsaron Saudiyya

Andrew Davidson, mai sharhi a mujallar Geopolitical Affairs kuma tsohon jami'in Amurka da ya yi aiki a Gabas ta Tsakiya, na ganin cewa Saudiyya na da ƙarfin fuskantar barazanar da ka iya tasowa, amma tana iya fuskantar babbar asara idan hare-hare suka kasance masu dorewa ko kuma masu yawa.

Yana mai nuni da kididdigar da International Institute for Strategic Studies ta wallafa a 2025, ya ce Saudiyya tana da jiragen Patriot guda 108, amma "yaƙin da aka yi da Iran ya nuna cewa har yanzu ana iya kai hari ga muhimman wurare."

A cewarsa, a lokacin rikicin baya-bayan nan, Saudiyya ta tilasta ware albarkatun tsaronta ga wurare masu daraja na addini da sauran birane da sansanonin soji da kuma kayayyakin more rayuwa na makamashi.

Andrew Davidson ya ce mayar da hankali wajen kare wasu yankuna na nufin cewa akwai ƙarancin albarkatu da za a iya amfani da su a wasu wuraren.

"Jirage marasa matuki da ke tashi ƙasa-ƙasa suna sa gano su ya fi wahala. A lokaci guda kuma, hare-hare akai-akai suna sanya matsin lamba kan ajiyar makamai masu linzami na kariya."

Duk da cewa ba a san ainihin matsayin ajiyar harsasai da makamai na Saudiyya a halin yanzu ba, yana nuna damuwa cewa ƙasar ta Gabas ta Tsakiya ma za ta iya fuskantar tasirin ƙarancin makamai masu linzami na kariya da ake fama da su a duniya.