Ta yaya Saudiyya za ta kare Makka da Madina daga hare-hare?

Ƙawancen ƙasashen da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta amince da shi wanda ke goyon bayan gwamnatin Yemen ya ce dakarun kariyar sararin samaniyar Saudiyya sun harbo wata jirgi mara matuƙi da ƙungiyar Houthi ta harba kafin ta shiga sararin samaniyar birnin Makka mai tsarki.

Ko da yake ƴan Houthi a Yemen sun musanta wannan iƙirari, tun bayan da aka fitar da rahoton ana ci gaba da muhawara mai zafi kan ƙarfin da kuma tasirin tsarin kariyar sararin samaniyar Saudiyya, da kuma irin makaman da Riyadh ke amfani da su wajen kare Makka da sauran birane daga barazanar hare-hare ta sama.

Saudiyya ba ta bayyana irin tsarin kariyar da ta yi amfani da shi wajen harbo jirgin marar matuƙin da ake zargin Houthi ne suka turo ba.

Sai dai a watan Mayun 2026, Ma'aikatar Tsaron ƙasar ta fitar da wani bidiyo da ya nuna na'urorin harba makamai masu linzami, da kuma manyan bindigogin kariya daga hare-haren sama.

Ma'aikatar Tsaron Saudiyya ta ce rundunar kariyar sararin samaniya da ke amfani da waɗannan makamai na da alhakin "kare wurare masu tsarki da kuma dakile barazanar hare-haren sama da ka iya kai musu."

BBC tattauna da Hamad Walid, wani masani kan bincike a fannin harkokin soji da makamai, domin gano irin makaman da Saudiyya ke amfani da su wajen kare sararin samaniyarta, musamman ma wajen kare wuraren addinin Musulunci masu tsarki.

Waɗanne irin makaman kare samaniya Saudiya ke da su?

Hammad Walid, wani mai bincike a cibiyar binciken makamai da dabarun tsaro bincike ta Strategic Vision Institute, ya shaida wa BBC cewa wani bidiyo da Saudiyya ta fitar a watan Mayun wannan shekara ya nuna tsarin kariyar sama na Patriot, da kuma na'urorin harba makamai masu linzami da na'urorin rada da Amurka ta ƙera.

A cewarsa, wata sanarwa a hukumance daga Saudiyya ta bayyana cewa an jibge tsarin Patriot a waɗannan birane ne domin kare wurare masu tsarki kamar Makka da Madina.

Hammad Walid ya kuma ƙara da cewa tsarin bindigogin kariya daga hare-haren sama da aka gani a cikin bidiyon shi ne Oerlikon mai girman milimita 35, wanda wani kamfani daga ƙasar Switzerland ke ƙerawa.

Bugu da ƙari, Saudiyya ta sayi tsarin kariyar sararin samaniya na THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) daga Amurka a watan Mayun 2025, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarinta na ƙarfafa kariyar sararin samaniyarta.

A cewar kamfanin dillancin labarai na gwamnatin Saudiyya, an gudanar da bikin ƙaddamar da wannan tsarin kariya ne a hedikwatar Rundunar Kariyar Sararin Samaniya ta ƙasar da ke birnin Jeddah.

A cewar masana, tsarin THAAD na daga cikin manyan na'urorin kariya da ake amfani da su wajen daƙile hare-haren makamai masu linzami masu dogon zango kafin su kai ga inda aka nufa.

Mene ne makamin Patriot na kare samaniyar Saudiyya?

A cewar Hammad Walid, wani mai bincike a cibiyar SVI, Saudiyya na amfani da tsarin makamai masu linzami na Patriot wajen harbo jirage marasa matuƙa, jiragen sama na yau da kullum, da kuma makamai masu linzami masu shawagi (cruise missiles) da sauran makamai masu nisan zango.

Kamfanin Amurka na Lockheed Martin ne ya ƙera wannan tsarin kariya daga hare-haren sama.

A cewar Lockheed Martin, Saudiyya na kuma da tsarin kariya na Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3), wanda ke da ikon tarewa da lalata makamai masu linzami masu dogon zango, makamai masu shawagi da kuma jiragen yaƙi.

An san wannan tsarin da amfani da na'urorin zamani masu iya gano da bibiyar hare-hare da dama a lokaci guda tare da kai musu martani.

Baya ga kasancewarsa cikin shiri don fara aiki cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, tsarin na PAC-3 na da ƙarfin da zai iya tinkarar hare-haren kutse ta hanyar na'urorin lantarki.

Sai dai Hammad Walid ya ce makaman da ake amfani da su a tsarin PAC-2 da PAC-3 na da tsada sosai, inda kowannensu ke kaiwa ɗaruruwan dubban ko ma miliyoyin daloli.

Saudiyya na kuma amfani da tsarin bindigogin kariya daga hare-haren sama na Oerlikon, wanda shi ma ya bayyana a cikin bidiyon da Ma'aikatar Tsaron ƙasar ta fitar.

A cewar mai binciken, harsasai masu girman milimita 35 da waɗannan bindigogi ke amfani da su sun fi arha idan aka kwatanta da makamai masu linzami na tsarin Patriot.

"Wannan na nufin ana amfani da tsarin Patriot ne wajen tunkarar manyan barazana kamar makamai masu linzami ko manyan jirage marasa matuƙi, yayin da ake amfani da bindigogin Oerlikon masu girman milimita 35 wajen harbo ƙananan jirage marasa matuƙi," in ji shi.

Hammad Walid ya kuma ce ana amfani da bindigogin Oerlikon 35mm a Pakistan, kuma an yi amfani da su cikin nasara wajen daƙile hare-haren jirage marasa matuƙi na Indiya a watan Mayun shekarar da ta gabata.

Wace barazanar tsaro Saudiyya ke fuskanta?

Andrew Davidson, wani mai sharhi a mujallar Geopolitical Affairs kuma tsohon jami'in gwamnatin Amurka da ya yi aiki a Gabas ta Tsakiya, ya yi amannar cewa Saudiyya na da ƙarfin fuskantar barazanar hare-hare masu yuwuwa.

Sai dai ya ce ƙasar za ta iya fuskantar manyan hasarori idan hare-haren suka daɗe suna gudana ko kuma suka kasance a wurare da dama lokaci guda.

Yana mai kafa hujja da alƙaluman da Cibiyar Nazarin Dabarun Tsaro ta Duniya (IISS) ta wallafa a 2025, Davidson ya ce Saudiyya na da makamai masu linzami na Patriot guda 108.

"Yaƙin da aka yi da Iran ya nuna cewa har yanzu akwai yiwuwar kai hari kan muhimman wurare," in ji shi.

A cewarsa, a lokacin rikicin da aka yi kwanan nan, Saudiyya ta kasance cikin yanayin da ya tilasta mata karkata wani ɓangare mai yawa na albarkatun tsaronta wajen kare wurare masu tsarki na addini, tare da sauran birane, sansanonin soja da kuma muhimman cibiyoyin makamashi.

Andrew Davidson ya ce mayar da hankali wajen kare wasu wurare na nufin cewa albarkatun da za a iya amfani da su wajen kare wasu yankuna na raguwa.

Ko da yake ba a san ainihin yawan makamai da harsasan kariya da Saudiyya ke da su ba, ya ce wannan yanayi na ƙara haifar da damuwa cewa ƙasar na iya fuskantar matsalar ƙarancin tsarin kariya daga makamai masu linzami idan hare-haren suka yi yawa ko suka daɗe suna gudana.