Ibisuko, perike n'iyindi mishatsi yongerezwa hatowe ko birimwo utuntu dushobora gutera kansere y'ibere

Ibisuko, perike canke ibindi vyose bijanye n'imishatsi yongerezwa miriyoni z'abagore kw'isi bishirako bishobora kubamwo utuntu dufitaniye isano na kansere (cancer) y'ibere, ihungabana ry'inkabuzo/imisemburo no kurondoka, nk'uko biri mu cigwa ca mbere kinini muri ico gisata.

Abahinga (muri siyanse/science) batoye utuntu (chemicals/chemicals, ibinyabutabire mu Kinyarwanda) hafi 50 mu gipimo kimwe kimwe bakoze ku mishatsi yongerezwa ku mutwe, yaba iyiva ku bantu canke iyihingurwa harimwo perike (perruque/wig), ibisuko, 'plante' n'ibindi nk'ivyo.

Ivyatowe, vyasohowe mu kinyamakuruca American Chemical Society, vyatumye hasabwa cane ko hagenzurwa ico gisata kirimwo za miriyaridi z'amafaranga n'uko abakoresha imishatsi barushiriza guhabwa amakuru ajanye navyo.

Muganga Elissia Franklin, uwari arongoye ico cigwa, avuga ati: "Duha icizere ibigo bidafise ingingo ngenderwako zo guhingura ibintu ata ngorane bishobora gutera.''

Ibisuko, perike canke 'plante' bishobora kubangama mu buryo bwihariye kuko biguma ku mutwe igihe kirekire kandi bikaguma bikora ku mubiri, nk'uko abahinga bavuga. Uko kumara igihe kirekire bikora ku mubiri ni kwo gushobora kuvamwo ingaruka ku magara ku gihe kirekire.

''Ivyongerezwa ku mishatsi bimara igihe biri ku rukoba (uruhu) rw'umutwe, kw'izosi ryawe no ku muntu amayinga menshi canke amezi bidahinduwe,'' niko Franklin avuga.

Utuntu dushobora kubangama

Igisata c'ivyongerezwa ku mishatsi citezwe kurenza imiriyaridi 14 z'amadorari ya Amerika ($14.000.000.000) gushika mu 2028.

Mu gihe abagore bamwe bamwe hari ivyo bongera ku mishatsi kugira bashaze canke kuko bigezweho, igice kinini c'ababikoresha ni abagore b'abirabure babona ko biborohereza mu kwitaho imishatsi yabo, nk'uko icigwa kibivuga.

Imishatsi y'imikorano ishobora kugurwa amafaranga adashika amadorari 20 (ibihumbi hafi 60 mu mafaranga y'Uburundi), mu gihe imishatsi ivuye ku muntu ishobora kugurwa ibihumbi vy'amadorari.

Mu bipimo 43 bakoreyeko, abahinga batoye ''subtances chimiques/chemicals'' 170, hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bushobora kubona nyinshi icarimwe aho gushimikira kuri imwe.

Muri izo, 48 ziri ku ntonde mpuzamakungu z'ibintu bishobora kubangama harimwo izateguwe na ONU n'urwego rwa Buraya ruraba ivya ''substances chimiques'' (ibinyabutabire mu Kinyarwanda).

''Ivyo birimwo ibintu vyinshi kuva ku bituma umushatsi udafatwa n'urubeya [rw'umuriro] gushika ku miti yica udukoko, n'ibindi nka 'phthalates' bihungabanya endocrine (ingingo zikora imisemburo/inkabuzo umubiri ukenera) kandi bizwi ko bifitaniye isano no kugira ingaruka mbi kw'irondoka,'' niko Franklin avuga.

'Subatances chimiques/chemicals' 17 zifitaniye isano na cancer y'ibere zaratowe mu bipimo 36 vy'iyo mishatsi yongerezwa - yaba iyihingurwa canke iyivuye ku muntu - mu gihe hafi 10% vy'ibipimo vyarimwo ibishobora kubangama nka organotin isanzwe ikoreshwa mu guhingura plastike irinda umuriro.

Abo bahinga bavuga ko vyabatangaje gusangamwo uduce twa organotin, ubundi tudashirwa mu vy'abantu bakoresha [ku mubiri].

Izo 'substances chimiques' (ibinyabutabire) zatowe ko zifise isano no kuryana ku rukoba kandi zizwi ko zibuza endocrine gukora, bisigura ko zihungabanya inkabuzo zigenzura vyinshi mu mubiri harimwo gushobora gusama (inda).

'Substances' zikunda gutorwa kenshi mu bipimo zirimwo 'phenol', ikoreshwa mu mbaho za contre-plaqué n'ibindi bikoreshwa mu gufatanya imbaho z'ibiti (colle/adhesive) hamwe na 'bis 2-ethylhexyl' ikoreshwa mu gutuma plastike zoroha kugonda, kwegeranya canke kuzinga.

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko izo 'substances' zikabura impinduka mu mubiri zimeze nk'iziterwa n'ibizwi ko bishobora gutera kansere (cancer) kandi ko zishobora kwongereza ivyago vya kansere y'ibere uko umwanya ugenda urahaca.

Umushatsi w'umuntu wo?

Ivyigwa vyari bimaze gukorwa vyari vyashimikiye ku mishatsi ihingurwa, vyatowe ko irimwo uduce tw'ivyuma dushobora kubangama, ariko iki cigwa co carize ibipimo 11 vy'umushatsi w'isugi [ata bindi urigera ushirwamwo] canke uwagorowe gusa hamwe n'umushatsi uhingurwa.

Umushatsi w'isugi n'uwagorowe ku bisanzwe urazimvye gusumba, ukagurishwa nk'uwutigeze ushirwamwo ''produit''. Umushatsi wagorowe akenshi nta bindi vyo kuwuhingura uba wakorewe kandi uba wavuye ku muntu umwe ata wundi n'umwe ubanje gucako.

Hamwe hamwe, ibipimo vy'umushatsi w'umuntu - harimwo n'ivyanditsweko ko ari umushatsi w'isugi canke wagorowe gusa - babisanzemwo 'substances chimiques' zibangamye kurusha imishatsi ihingurwa, harimwo nyinshi zihungabanya ikorwa ry'inkabuzo mu mubiri.

''Kuko ikintu canditsweko ko ari umushatsi w'umuntu canke ko ari kama uvuye ku muntu umwe ntibivuze ko ari uwo kwizigira kurusha umushatsi w'umuhingurano,'' bivugwa na Franklin, umuhinga w'umushakashatsi mu kigo co muri Amerika citwa US Silent Spring Institute ciga ku bitera kansere y'ibere biturutse ku bidukikije.

''Vyarashitse aho mu gipimo c'umushatsi w'umuhingurano, dusangamwo 'substance' imwe iri ku rutonde rw'izishobora kubangama, mu gihe mu mushatsi w'umuntu, hari igihe haba harimwo zitanu gushika kuri ndwi ziri kuri bene urwo rutonde,'' nk'uko abisigura.

Izo 'substances' hari igihe zijamwo mu guhingura [imishatsi], iyo imishatsi iriko irashirwamwo 'produit' ngo irushirize gusa neza, gukomera canke kworoha kwitaho, nk'uko abashakashatsi bavuga.

N'aho icigwa kitaravye urugero rw'aho bene izo 'substances' zitangurira kubangama, izihungabanya inkabuzo zirashobora gutera ingorane n'aho zoba ziri ku rugero ruto, nk'uko Franklin avuga.

Kuba abahingura imishatsi badafise urugero ruzwi rw'aho izo 'substances' ata ngorane zotera ni co abo bashakashatsi bafiseko impungenge.

''Nta mvo ihari y'uko 'produits' [z'imishatsi] zishobora kubangama zikoreshwa mu bintu dukoresha mu kwigira beza ku mubiri. Dusanzwe duhanzwe n'izindi 'substances chimiques' nyinshi buri munsi tudashobora kwirinda,'' niko Franklin avuga.

Imishatsi yongerezwa kenshi irashushwa canke ikinikwa mu mazi ariko arabira kugira yorohe mu gukora umuderi, ivyo bikaba bishobora kurekura imyuka y'ubumara. Iyo myuka irashobora kwinjira mu mibiri mu kuyihumeka.

Ibindi bivuye kuri iyo mishatsi bishobora kwinjira umubiri biciye ku rukoba, kandi ivyo biba k'uwuriko arashirwako iyo mishatsi, co kimwe n'uwuriko arayimushirako, nk'uko abashakashatsi bavuga.

Hari abantu bavuga ko umubiri wabo uhinduka iyo ukozweko n'iyo mishatsi, harimwo kuribwa ukiyagaza, gutukura, kwamana uduhere canke kuvyimba ku rukoba rw'umutwe, kw'izosi canke mu maso, rimwe na rimwe, ariko gake, ukagira ingorane zo guhema.

Wokoresha gute imishatsi yongerezwa mu buryo itagutera ingorane?

Nta nzira imaze kugaragara y'ingene 'produits' z'imishatsi zokoreshwa mu buryo buzwi ko ata ngaruka bushobora gutera. N'ingingo zigenewe kugabanya guhura n'izo ngorane zishobora kuba atawozizera, nk'uko icigwa cabitoye.

Kubanza kwoga imbere yo gusukwa, nko gukoresha vinaigre (vinegar) kugira kuribwa ku mubiri bigabanuke, nta kintu ntabanduka catowe ku bijanye n'uko ari uburyo butotera ingaruka.

Muri ico cigwa, bibiri vyonyene mu bipimo 43 vyizwe ni vyo abahinga batasanzemwo izo 'substances chimiques'' zishobora kubangama. Vyompi vyari vyanditseko ''ntaco vyonona''. Ariko Franklin avuga ko kwandikako ivyo bishobora gutanga icizere kitari co.

Avuga ati: ''Bene ayo majambo nta rwego na rumwe ruyagenzura, gutyo ibigo birashobora kuyandika ku kintu kandi ntaco vyinona [nta ngorane bibitera]."

Mu Bwongereza, amategeko mashasha akomeye cane gusumba ku bintu bishobora gutera kansere azoja mu ngiro kuva mu kwezi kwa Myandagaro(8) 2026, ariko abakora mu gisata c'imishatsi bavuga ko igihengeri kiri mu kugenzura imishatsi yongerezwa gisigura ko abayikoresha badakingiwe bikwiye.

Ibindi bintu vyo kwigira mwiza (amavuta, amasabuni,...) birasuzumwa cane ko ata ngorane bishobora gutera ababikoresha, ariko imishatsi yo kwongereza ishirwa mu wundi murwi utandukanye cane, gutyo ntiheze ngo igenzurwe.

Amarangi y'imishatsi (yo kuyiha ibara ushaka) hamwe n'ibituma imishatsi igororoka canke iba miremire navyo vyatowe ko hari isano bifitaniye no kwongera ivyago vya kansere y'ibere mu vyigwa vyabaye imbere. Ariko, aho bitandukaniye n'imishatsi yongerezwa, ivyo biharurwa nk'ivy'ubwiza gutyo bikagenzurwa ko ata ngorane vyotera.

Caroline Larissey, umukuru nshingwabikorwa mw'ihwaniro ry'abakora mu vy'imishatsi n'Ubwiza mu Bwongereza (UK's National Hair & Beauty Federation), avuga ati:

"Kugenzura bikora gusa iyo ibintu bishirwa mu migwi uko bikwiye hanyuma ukwubahiriza amategeko kugahera aho ibintu vyinjirira bivuye hanze gushika aho bigurishirizwa.''

"Aho hariho igihengeri, kandi ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko gikenewe kuzibirwa."

Zimwe mu mbuga z'abahingura imishatsi zirereka abaguzi inzira zo gusuzuma ubwiza bw'umushatsi imbere yo kugura. Ariko abahinga bavuga ko ivyo bidakwiye kuba inshingano zavyo.

Franklin avuga ati: "Iyo [iyo mishatsi] itari kuba yarigeze ishika kw'isoko, natwe ntitwokwigeze dutegerezwa guhitamwo."

"Uwo ari we wese afise imishatsi yongerezwa akwiye guterwa impungenge n'ivyo twatoye [muri iki cigwa]."