Water cannon are used in Northern Ireland, but have never been deployed in the rest of the UK.

In 2015, then-Home Secretary Theresa May refused to allow their use in England and Wales, a year after three were bought by the Metropolitan Police.

May said "without safeguards" they had "the capacity to cause harm".

She said that while evidence suggested they were "unlikely to result in serious or life-threatening injuries", there were still "direct and indirect medical risks", including spinal fracture, concussion, eye injury and blunt trauma.

Image source, PA Media

Labour MP Kim Leadbeater - whose sister Jo Cox was murdered by a far-right extremist in 2016 - has condemned the violence in Northern Ireland as "devastating", and has urged people not to "create chaos".

Speaking to PA news agency, she says it is not right to "vilify an entire community or an entire group of people who might not look like you do".

Leadbeater says she understands the "pain and trauma" of having a loved one murdered, but that she chose not to be "filled with anger and rage" after her sister's murder because the act was "his [the far-right extremist's] and his alone".

Cox - also a Labour MP - was killed in 2016 on her way to a constituency surgery

Leadbeater urges people to channel their anger into “doing something positive for your community”.

From 19:00 to 23:59 BST on Wednesday, the Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service received 82 emergency calls.

Crews were then sent to 33 incidents across Belfast, Mallusk, Glengormley and Portadown.

These included a vehicle fire, lorry fire, house fire, derelict building fire and industrial bin fire.

"We would like to thank our firefighters for their continued commitment and to our community for their ongoing support," the Fire Service said.

Image source, PA Media

The press conference has now ended, but before it did, Henderson warned water cannon would again be deployed tonight, alongside additional police and public order dogs.

"We will be robust in bringing order to our streets," he said.

He said police would also increase patrols around hospitals to reassure healthcare workers.

Henderson warned the stakes were "very high" for those involved, urging people fuelling violent rhetoric to stop.

"You're going to put young people at risk of becoming part of the criminal justice system," he said.

Asked about reports of "hit lists" online targeting particular addresses, Henderson warned police had been "actively patrolling" areas where they believed harm could occur due to information posted on the internet, and added they would be taking such material offline.

Image source, Pacemaker

Assistant Chief Constable Ryan Henderson also says police have seen significant coordination relating to the violence on social media from inside and outside Northern Ireland.

"That toxicity is what's bringing people out onto the streets and it needs to stop," he says.

Henderson says that there's no evidence to say that violence is being coordinated by loyalist paramilitaries but added if that was the case, "we will not be shy to investigate".

Henderson says police are closely watching what people are putting online and will take action against those found to have broken the law.

"I want to say directly to the big social media companies, if you're hosting material content on your sites that is encouraging disorder, that needs to stop," he says.

Henderson says "we should all listen to the words" of the family of knifing victim Stephen Ogilvie after they issued a statement on Wednesday calling for calm.

"They could not be more clear that violence is not in Stephen's name," he says.

Henderson also says the force stands with the community against those who carry out violence, and that police will be out in "significant numbers", bolstered by officers from forces sent from elsewhere in the UK, adding officers will be deployed across Northern Ireland.

He says police are increasing patrols in key areas, and are talking to businesses and healthcare providers. Some care providers have said their migrant employees were targeted on Wednesday.

"The streets of Northern Ireland need to return to calm and order."

Image source, PA Media

He says police will track down people who participated in the disorder, and says the force will release more images, external of those it wishes to speak to after calling for information on participants earlier today.

"There'll be further images released as our detectives work tirelessly to identify those responsible and bring them to justice," he says.

Henderson says it was clear that those who attended recent disorder were not peaceful protesters, "rather, they were intent on violence".

"We'll bring you to justice and I know the judiciary in Northern Ireland stands ready to give long sentences to those bringing disorder to our streets," he says, adding communities and businesses "deserve to get back to normal".

Speaking about how police responded to the unrest, Henderson says the officers fired 20 AEP (Attenuating Energy Projectiles) rounds as well as using a water cannon against crowds.

He says police responded to unrest in Newtownabbey, County Antrim and Portadown, County Armagh.

Henderson adds 12 officers were injured, including some by petrol bombs, but that the majority of the injuries were minor and most of the officers were "straight back on the line where they want to be".

There were also 16 arrests made.

Henderson adds he's "hugely grateful" for the efforts of their officers for their "incredible resilience and bravery in the face of that disorder".

We're hearing now from Assistant Chief Constable Ryan Henderson, who is giving a briefing to media on last night's violence.

He begins by condemning the second night of disorder seen in some areas across Northern Ireland.

"This violent behaviour by a thuggish minority will not be tolerated," he says.

Image source, PA Media

The disorder in Northern Ireland has seriously damaged trade, a small business leader told the BBC earlier today.

"Protest if you like, but if you have to protest with a mask, there is something wrong," Tina McKenzie, policy chair at the Federation of Small Businesses, said on Good Morning Ulster.

McKenzie said many businesses who stayed open through the Troubles felt they had to shut after anonymous Facebook posts this week warned employers to send staff home early.

She called on the authorities stand up for workers and say: "We're not going to shut off the schools, we're not going to shut off the buses - we're going to stand together and we're not going to be intimidated."

Kelly Bonner
BBC News NI

While in Glengormley this morning I met Philip Brett, the Democratic Unionist Party MLA for the area.

He's been calling door-to-door and speaking to residents.

When I asked him who was organising the rioting last night, he says he doesn't know but that it was mainly children involved.

He is urging them to stop - saying they will be arrested and this will affect their futures.

Police are due to hold another press conference shortly following a second night of disorder, albeit not as widespread as it was on Tuesday.

We've already heard 12 PSNI officers were injured last night, according to Secretary of State Hilary Benn, in addition to the two officers who were injured on Tuesday.

We are expecting to hear from Assistant Chief Constable Ryan Henderson, who also spoke the media on Tuesday in the aftermath of the Belfast knife attack.

We'll be streaming the press conference live and you can watch by pressing play at the top of this page when it begins.

Police Scotland now say two people were arrested and three officers injured during a protest outside a hotel in Greenock that has been used to house asylum seekers.

Two police vehicles were also damaged as items were thrown at officers near the Holiday Inn Express on Wednesday evening.

The arrested men were issued with fixed penalty notices for anti-social behaviour.

Speaking on the media rounds this morning, Northern Ireland Secretary Hilary Benn condemned the violence in Northern Ireland as "racist thuggery".

"If you are burning someone out of their home saying 'foreigners out', what other word would you use?" he asks BBC Radio 4's Today programme.

He says it has created a "sense of terror and fear" among ethnic minorities in Northern Ireland.

Others have also condemned the attacks as racially motivated in statements this morning:

• "These acts serve no one and only cause harm and fear within communities," said Northern Ireland's Infrastructure Minister Liz Kimmins after a vehicle owned by her department was set on fire in a depot in County Antrim
• "Every time a politician blames migrants and refugees for problems created by our unjust economic system it fuels hatred," said Unison general secretary Andrea Egan on X, calling on leaders to "stop emboldening the far-right"
• "Blaming a group of people for the awful actions of an individual leads us to a very dark place," said Green Party leader Zack Polanski, accusing Elon Musk of stoking violence on X

Kelly Bonner
BBC News NI

Glengormley resident Paul Sharkey tells me he was "petrified" last night.

He says: "I witnessed a masked man walking up our street and setting fire to homes, it was terrifying.

"A van was set alight and pushed towards my home."

He adds: "I hardly slept a wink. I was terrified."

An 18-year-old man has been charged after two PSNI officers were injured by a petrol bomb in Carrickfergus, County Antrim on Tuesday.

He has been charged with riot and is expected to appear before Belfast Magistrates' Court later today.

Enda McClafferty
BBC News NI political editor

The government is set to "intensify" its crackdown on illegal migrants living in Northern Ireland.

According to a government source, the Home Office is ramping up immigration enforcement efforts to "track down, detain, arrest and remove" illegal migrants.

This will see a "surge in intelligence-led operations" carried out by Immigration Enforcement officers and Border Force personnel along Common Travel Area routes.

The Home Office claims that nearly 1,000 illegal migrants have been removed over the past year.

Read more on this here.

We are expecting to an update from the PSNI later this morning, but let's take a moment to have a look back at comments the Chief Constable, Jon Boutcher, made about the potential for disorder on 4 June.

He told the Policing Board he was “concerned about events in the summer” following “really difficult, major disturbances in the last two years”.

“I do have some real concerns…but we are ready for it and we are reassuring people.”

At that time he also said he was “concerned about the malign influence of bad actors spreading extreme and hateful disinformation on social media”.

Image source, PA Media

Loyalist activist Jamie Bryson claims "it's not loyalist paramilitary organisations" behind this week's disorder.

"The leaderships of the organisations have been clear, they’re not taking any part in this, they’re not encouraging anybody to take any part in this," Bryson tells Good Morning Ulster.

"I think the police would confirm that."

He says the situation "would be a lot different" if they were involved, "because what you’re actually seeing is the absence of orchestration, the absence of coordination and you simply see the Wild West now".

"This is just absolute chaos.”

• Loyalist paramilitaries: Who are the groups in Northern Ireland?

Cleanup efforts are ongoing in Glengormley's Antrim Rd, which was the epicentre for much of last night's violence.

Here are some more of the latest pictures from the scene:

Image source, Reuters

Image source, Reuters

Image source, EPA/Shutterstock